// Phil Ottewell's STL Course - http://www.pottsoft.com/home/stl/stl.htmlx
//
// Example 5.1                  © Phil Ottewell 1997 <philXZY@pottsoftXZY_REMOVEXYZ.com>
//
// Purpose:
//          Demonstrate use of standard string class

// ANSI C Headers
#include <stdlib.h>

// C++ STL Headers
#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>

#ifdef _WIN32
using namespace std;
#endif

int main( int argc, char *argv[] )
{
    size_t ip;
    string needle = "needle";     // Initialize with C style string literal
    string line("my string");     // Ditto
    string haystack(line,3,6);    // Initialize with another string, line,
                                  // starting at element 3, i.e. "string"
    string string3(line,0,2);     // Initialize with first 2 characters of
                                  // line, i.e. "my"
    string s1;                    // INITIALIZING with single character, e.g.
    string s2;                    // = 'A' or ('A') or an integer NOT ALLOWED
                                  // These will currently have .length() of zero
    string dashes(80,'-');        // You can initialize using a character like
                                  // this, and character ASSIGNMENT is legal

    char old_c_string[64];

//  Concatenation using + operator
    s1 = "Now is the Winter ";
    s2 = "of our discontent made Summer";
    cout << "s1 = \"" << s1 << "\"," << "s2 = \"" << s2 << "\"\n"
         << "s1 + s2 = \"" << s1 + s2 << "\"" << endl << dashes << endl;

//  Find a substring in a string
    haystack = "Where is that " + needle + ", eh ?";
    cout << "haystack = \"" << haystack << "\"" << endl;
    ip = haystack.find(needle);
//  Use substr function to get substring - use string::npos (the "too large"
//  character count) to get the rest of the string
    cout << "ip = haystack.find(needle) found \""
         << haystack.substr(ip,string::npos )
         << "\" at position ip = " << ip << endl << dashes << endl;

//  Demonstrate use of Algorithms with strings
    line = "Naomi, sex at noon taxes, I moan";
    cout << line << " [Algorithm: reverse(line.begin(),line.end())]" << endl;
    reverse( line.begin(), line.end() );
    cout << line << " [line.length() = " << line.length() << "]" << endl
         << dashes << endl;

//  Passing a string to a function requiring a C style string
    line = "copyright";
    strncpy( old_c_string,   line.c_str()   , sizeof(old_c_string)-1 );

    old_c_string[sizeof(old_c_string)-1] = '\0';
    cout << "strncpy \"" << line << "\" to c string which now contains \""
         << old_c_string << "\"" << endl << dashes << endl;

//  Insert into a string
    s1 = "piggy middle";
    s2 = "in the ";
    cout << "s1 = \"" << s1 << "\", s2 = \"" << s2 << "\"" << endl;
    s1.insert(6,s2); // Insert s2 in s1
    cout << "s1.insert(6,s2) = " << s1 << endl << dashes << endl;

//  Erase
    cout << "[Use s1.erase(ip,4) to get rid of \"the \"]" << endl;
    ip = s1.find("the");
    if ( ip != string::npos ) s1.erase( ip, 4 ); // Note check on ::npos
    cout << s1 << endl << dashes << endl;

//  Replace 
    cout << "[Use s1.replace(ip,2,\"is not in the\") to replace "
         << "\"in\" with \"is not in the\"]" << endl;
    ip = s1.find("in");
//  Note inequality check on string::npos to see if search string was found
    if ( ip != string::npos ) s1.replace( ip, 2, "is not in the" );
    cout << s1 << endl << dashes << endl;

    return( EXIT_SUCCESS );
}